What exactly is the difference between a surge protector and a fuse? Can a fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of surge protector?

Here is a simplified AC power diagram.

There are three different concepts here that are getting confused.

This is a high voltage low current spike that comes down the line because of the power poles being struck, and the voltage suppressors activating on the primary side of the transformer.

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(Dc diagram shown, AC is similar).

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P = e* I, so since I is 16 amps, then the voltage dropped is 1/16 volt or 0.0650 volts.

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So combined with a device called a MOV or Metal-oxide-resistor, then forms the 3rd part of a “surge suppressor “.

At least they know the answer if they wanted it.

He then asserts :

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There is no harm in having the surge suppressor along with the fuse in the circuit. The fuse will not open up until the current melts the link. This will take time, and in the interim, that jolt will get transmitted into the power supplies.

For this case there are devices called Metal oxide varistors (MOV).

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The bolt then partially travels down the line to your home.

This is where the MOV conducts again, and dissipated the energy.

When the current is 200% of the rated value , it will “go open” (the link metal melts) and protect the device.

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These devices are installed between the “hot” and “neutral” and protective ground.

The other is “what does a “fuse” do?”

I post the exact comment here.

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a photo is worth a thousand words.

the problem then depends on "how fast does the fuse operate?".

This is the picture of an electronic coil of wire wound around a core of magnetic material.

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First Sentence:

2024–10–14 [Omar Gharbi Omar Gharbi ]

At one ohm, the resistor has a maximum of 1 watt power.

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2024–10–00 [ Ammar Mahdi ] Ammar Mahdi

He then describes the function of a fuse.

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Once the voltage goes over 0.0650 volts, then this fact can be used to amplify the difference, and turn the circuit breaker off , furthur down the line. Essentially that is what a RCD/GFCI does, it compares the incoming current, to the outgoing current, and if the difference between the two currents is over 5mA, then it trips the circuit breaker.

What is lightning?

So, the voltage could go up to 500 volts, and the fuse will not open up.

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so, what happens?

2024–09–27 [ Mohan Rajaratnam Mohan Rajaratnam ] . Thinks you can get free electricity from nothing : Mohan Rajaratnam's answer to Is it possible to generate free electricity at home using a magnet or other low-cost methods? If so, how does it work?

But it can get overloaded, and no longer works.

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“ A fuse is a device which protects the (circuit) against overload and short circuit.”

What does a fuse do?

A fuse is a non-resetable over current circuit protector.

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Would individual surge supressors have save this equipment? most likely, since the surge supressor would take the jolt instead of the electronic components.

The third is lightning and “how it gets conducted into a home.”

But… the neutral is now “floating” because of the 1 ohm resistance.

This is a photo where a lightning bolt took out a home's complete mains distribution box, and a lot of electronic gear as well.

so, the loop of wire then, when put together with another loop reduces the ‘noise’ on a power line.

Now when you have a certain ac resistance, then a current flows in a loop.

This is where this question deviates from being a 'generic' question, and becomes more specific.

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But during the surge, the fuse will not blow if it is a longer duration and lower value )10 to 50%).

[old diagram got deleted by accident]

Because the load is inductive, the current lags the voltage.(by a bit).

“ … to protect building, lightning arrestor, is provided above building and directly connected to earth.”

2024–10–11 [Victor Olarewsju Victor Olarewaju ]

but I think this circuit , shows a few more pieces.

Mohan forgets that a fuse is a one-time device, and needs to be replaced if it is tripped.

An AC voltage/ current source, and an ac inductive load.

In schematic diagrams this is the symbol for a fuse:

“ A surge suppressor is the one which is connected at the input supply so that when there is a sudden change voltage it bypasses thereby protecting the (circuit) and electronic components”

At the secondary, it is 1000 times less.)turns ratio). If it gets hit with a 100,000 volt bolt of lightning then the voltage arrestors conduct and clamp the voltage down to line voltage, ( but a small amount leaks down the line). This is the problem.

He then describes Rainy Season and Lightning.

A circuit breaker is similar, but is resettable.

One is “what exactly is in a ‘surge protector’ ? ”

This is an electronic circuit designed to clamp voltages so that the Voltage Potential that appears at the outlet is never going to exceed the nominal value.

And this is the problem alone. Is the power supply in the equipmemt designed with a lightning strike in mind? Some yes, others, no.

These are simplified answers to the original question, and does not change anything I wrote above.

what exactly is a ‘surge’ protector?

It’s been three xxx five werks, and there has been no response to my follow on query on his Commment to my answer.

So, it’s possible that these devices from Trip Lite have addition suppression devices, these ones seem to be sturdy.

Fuses, on their own, then operate much slower than the MOV variable resistance, during the lightning strike.

Can the fuse protect the electronic devices from lightning instead of a surge protector.

Lightning arrestor is a spark-gap device, and can be installed anywhere. What is important, is that the wire is thick enough to withstand the lightning bolt and conduct the energy away from the building.

If the nominal power is 4,000 watts then the current at 230volts is 16 amps.

(There is no concept of polarity, in the loop because the current changes direction 100 to 120 times a second (power frequency).

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It also is a device that limits the change in current flow.

[image of Common-mode choke]

Is the question then , "why buy a surge supressor, if the fuse alone protects the electronic circuits from a lightning bolt?".

2024–10–11 [Bobby Sanchez Bobby Sanchez ].

There are two important concepts here.

This one hit behind the barn.

This is 'the assistant's answer'

but this device (an Inductor) … impedes the rapid changes in the current.

This device then solves the entire problem.

2024–10–10[John johnson John Johnson ]

Barnstars:

It seems Mohan does not understand the difference between a comment and an Answer.

Edit 2024–10.

OK, this is Mohan Rajaratnam’s definition of a Surge suppressor.

The MOV will conduct when the voltage exceeds 50% of line voltage.